Cyber Times International Journal of Technology & Management

Environmental degradation and environmental management are two sides of the same coin: environmental degradation refers to the deterioration of natural systems due to human or natural causes, whereas environmental management aims to maintain and restore the environment. In order to investigate the causes, processes, and effects of environmental degradation as well as the environmental management techniques used to combat them, this study looks at secondary data from peer-reviewed literature, policy papers, and institutional reports. The goals include determining the primary causes of degradation, assessing management frameworks, testing theories regarding the connections between socioeconomic variables and degradation, and making recommendations. Observations from regional and international studies are compiled, findings are synthesized, and recommendations are made using a literature-based approach. The study finds compelling evidence that the main causes of degradation are unsustainable land use, urbanization, industrialization, and rapid population growth; that integrated policies, stakeholder engagement, and technology are necessary for effective management; and that degradation will continue to jeopardize ecosystem services, human well-being, and sustainable development unless proactive management is implemented. Keywords: ecosystem services, sustainable development, land use change, environmental management, and environmental deterioration.